Ursus arctos
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English: Brown bear
German: Braunb„r
French: Ours brun
Spanish: Oso parou
Distribution areas
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The brown bear lives in Euro-Asia and in
North America.
Description of the fur
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The skins are 130 to 260 cm long; the
tail is from 6 to 14 cm. The hair is up to The surface structure
90 mm long. The coat is brown, light-brown of the skin, 400x
or sometimes black brown in colour. The
coarse fibres are straight and darker at the tips. The fine fur fibres are
waved and red-brown in colour.
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Ursus arctos
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English: Brown bear
German: Braunb„r
French: Ours brun
Spanish: Oso parou
Structure of the hair
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The skin has furrowed microscopic
surface structure. The hair follicles are
narrow with straight edges and each
contains a cluster of fibres.
The fine fur fibres have a circular
cross-sectional outline and measure from 15 The cuticular structure
to 28 µm in diameter. The cuticular scales of the fine fibres, 1000x
are cornet-like with a smooth scale surface
and straight scale margins. Some of the fibres have the cuticular scales
finely grooved over the surface. The scale margins are straight. These fine
fibres are non-medullated.
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Ursus arctos
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English: Brown bear
German: Braunb„r
French: Ours brun
Spanish: Oso parou
The intermediate fibres are elliptical
in cross-section with a diameter of 65 to
110 µm. The cuticle is covered by even,
tile-like scales with a smooth surface and
straight scale margins. The medullary
column is narrow, unbroken and central
symmetrical-shaped in cross-section. The
overall type of the medulla is of the
lattice-sponge-like shape with a foam-like The cuticular structure
infilling substance. of the fine fibres, 2000x
The guard hairs are elliptical in cross-sectional outline with a diameter
of 80 to 175 µm. The cuticular scales are even, tile-like, or crenated,
tile-like with a smooth scale surface and straight, sometimes also crenated,
scale margins. The medulla is narrow, unbroken and central symmetrical-shaped
in outline; and is of the lattice-sponge-like type with an amorphous
infilling material.
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Ursus arctos
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English: Brown bear
German: Braunb„r
French: Ours brun
Spanish: Oso parou
The cuticular structure
of an intermediate hair, 2000x
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Ursus arctos
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English: Brown bear
German: Braunb„r
French: Ours brun
Spanish: Oso parou
Longitudinal section
of a guard hair, 400x
Numerical code for brown bear skin structure
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Surface of the skin: 3-4-3
Fine fur fibres: 1-5-1.2-1-4-0-0-0-0-15.28-9.28
Intermediate fibres: 2-2-1-1-3-1-1-11-5-65.111-25.55
Guard hairs: 2-2.4-1-1.2-3-1-1-11-5.8-80.175-31.91
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